Robust digital fingerprinting for curves

Hiding data in curves can be achieved by parameterizing acurve using the B-spline model and adding spread spectrum
sequences in B-spline control points. In this paper, we pro-
pose an iterative alignment-minimization algorithm to per-
form curve registration and deal with the non-uniqueness
of B-spline control points. We demonstrate through experi-
ments the robustness of our method against various attacks
such as collusion, geometric transformation, and printing-
and-scanning. We also show the feasibility of our method
for fingerprinting topographic maps and detecting finger-
prints from printed copies.